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For families who want to keep their tween children from spending too much time in front of screens, a new study offers illuminating – and potentially challenging – advice: parents, you’ll need to put your phones down first.
The study, published this month in the journal Pediatric Research, examined the links between parenting strategies involving digital media and early adolescent screen use. Among the most striking findings: parental screen use was strongly associated with higher adolescent screen time and problematic social media or video game use.
Phones and social media are addictive at any age.Credit: iStock
“One of the biggest predictors of adolescents’ screen use is their parents’ screen use,” says Jason Nagata, a pediatrician at the University of California at San Francisco and the lead author of the study. This might feel startling, given that preteens are increasingly independent and influenced by their peers. But parental modelling still matters.
“It’s especially important that parents follow their own rules and practise what they preach,” Nagata says, “because even if they think their kids aren’t watching them, they really are.”
The study examined data from a racially and economically diverse sample of more than 10,000 American 12- and 13-year-olds and their parents, who answered a questionnaire about their screen use and parenting strategies. Participants indicated whether they felt their relationship with screens was problematic – for instance, if they feel that they can’t stop looking at their devices, lose track of how often they’re using their phone, or find their phone habits are interfering with their social life or ability to focus at school.
The results of the study identified time frames when screen use appears especially harmful. Over a third of families reported that they often watched a screen during meals, and nearly half of adolescents reported having access to a phone while in bed. The use of screens during mealtimes and at bedtime was associated with higher overall screen time, as well as problematic social media, video game and mobile phone use, the study found. (The results may not be representative of all parents and teens, as the study did not rely on a national random sample in the US.)
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Committing to screen-free meals and bedtime routines is one key, actionable takeaway, Nagata says. “Of the different parenting practices that we examined, the one that had the most significant effect was limiting bedtime screen use,” he says. “So if you only choose one rule to implement, that may be the most effective one for reducing total screen time.”
The study caught the attention of Megan Moreno, professor of pediatrics at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health and co-director of the American Academy of Pediatrics Centre of Excellence on Social Media and Youth Mental Health. Moreno, whose expertise is in the field of adolescent health and digital media, says she has been troubled by the widespread message – “almost to the edge of moral panic” – that social media use is causing adverse mental health outcomes for adolescents. “That has been a narrative I’ve been really interested in because I’ve really been wanting to see: where is that evidence?” she says. “And it hasn’t been there.”
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